July 26th is the International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem which is dedicated to recognizing the essential role that mangroves play in both nature and the well-being of coastal communities worldwide. They serve as crucial breeding grounds for fish, act as protective barriers during storms, and provide valuable wood for construction and cooking.
Nonetheless, the rapid disappearance of mangroves is fueled by factors like land conversion for agriculture and aquaculture, coastal development, pollution, and excessive harvesting. It’s estimated that over the past four decades, a quarter of mangroves have vanished. This loss has far-reaching consequences for a variety of species including birds, fish, mammals, and insects, impacting the millions who rely on mangroves in tropical regions globally.
The repercussions of losing mangroves encompass impoverished livelihoods, reduced economic growth, decreased human security, and a lower quality of life for local communities and coastal inhabitants.
- While both mangroves and the Amazon rainforest are tropical forests, mangroves have adapted to harsh, salty conditions that would harm most plants.
- Mangroves, even though they make up a small fraction of tropical forests, play a crucial role in fighting climate change. Their soils trap carbon, helping reduce its presence in the atmosphere. Additionally, they aid in adapting to climate impacts, lessening storm effects and sea-level rise.
- Mangroves are rich in biodiversity, forming the basis of highly productive ecosystems. They provide homes, nurseries, and food sources for a variety of species, with some creatures unique to mangroves.
- Mangroves are essential for millions, supporting livelihoods, food, materials, and well-being. They benefit societies globally, crossing boundaries of wealth, gender, and age, contributing to goals like poverty reduction and clean water.
- Mangroves hold significant economic and social value. Their contributions in terms of goods and services, such as fisheries and wood, amount to around $33,000-$57,000 per hectare per year in developing countries. Their loss impacts economies and drives governments to protect and restore them, though progress is ongoing.
As the UN Decade of Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030) approaches, mangrove ecosystem health and productivity must be a part of global efforts to eradicate poverty, strengthen food security and reduce vulnerability to climate change.
The UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), a global centre of excellence on biodiversity and nature’s contribution to society and the economy.
Source: UN-WCMC
